Intensive care medicine: Journals & articles

Background: Haloperidol is frequently used to treat delirium in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), but evidence of its effect is limited.

Methods: In this multicenter, blinded, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned adult patients with delirium who had been admitted to the ICU for an acute condition to receive intravenous haloperidol (2.5 mg 3 times daily plus 2.5 mg as needed up to a total maximum daily dose of 20 mg) or placebo. Haloperidol or placebo was administered in the ICU for as long as delirium continued and as needed for recurrences. The primary outcome was the number of days alive and out of the hospital at 90 days after randomization.

Results: A total of 1000 patients underwent randomization; 510 were assigned to the haloperidol group and 490 to the placebo group. Among these patients, 987 (98.7%) were included in the final analyses (501 in the haloperidol group and 486 in the placebo group). Primary outcome data were available for 963 patients (97.6%). At 90 days, the mean number of days alive and out of the hospital was 35.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 32.9 to 38.6) in the haloperidol group and 32.9 (95% CI, 29.9 to 35.8) in the placebo group, with an adjusted mean difference of 2.9 days (95% CI, -1.2 to 7.0) (P = 0.22). Mortality at 90 days was 36.3% in the haloperidol group and 43.3% in the placebo group (adjusted absolute difference, -6.9 percentage points [95% CI, -13.0 to -0.6]). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 11 patients in the haloperidol group and in 9 patients in the placebo group.

Conclusions: Among patients in the ICU with delirium, treatment with haloperidol did not lead to a significantly greater number of days alive and out of the hospital at 90 days than placebo. (Funded by Innovation Fund Denmark and others; AID-ICU ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03392376; EudraCT number, 2017-003829-15.).

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, ICU bed shortages sparked a discussion about resource allocation. We aimed to analyse the value of ICU treatment of COVID-19 from a patient-centred health economic perspective. We prospectively included 49 patients with severe COVID-19 and calculated direct medical treatment costs. Quality of life was converted into aggregated quality-adjusted life years using the statistical remaining life expectancy. Costs for non-treatment as the comparator were estimated using the value of statistical life year approach. We used multivariable linear or logistic regression to identify predictors of treatment costs, quality of life and survival. Mean (SD) direct medical treatment costs were higher in patients in ICU with COVID-19 compared with those without (£60,866 (£42,533) vs. £8282 (£14,870), respectively; p < 0.001). This was not solely attributable to prolonged ICU length of stay, as costs per day were also higher (£3115 (£1374) vs. £1490 (£713), respectively; p < 0.001), independent of overall disease severity. We observed a beneficial cost-utility value of £7511 per quality-adjusted life-year gained, even with a more pessimistic assumption towards the remaining life expectancy. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy provided no additional quality-adjusted life-year benefit. Compared with non-treatment (costs per lost life year, £106,085), ICU treatment (costs per quality-adjusted life-year, £7511) was economically preferable, even with a pessimistic interpretation of patient preferences for survival (sensitivity analysis of the value of statistical life year, £48,848). Length of ICU stay was a positive and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation a negative predictor for quality of life, whereas costs per day were a positive predictor for mortality. These data suggest that despite high costs, ICU treatment for severe COVID-19 may be cost-effective for quality-adjusted life-years gained.

Abstract
Background: Opioid overdoses are increasing in the Netherlands, and there may be other harms associated with prescription opioid use. We investigated the relationship between prescription opioid use and unplanned ICU admission and death.

Methods: This is an analysis of linked government registries of the adult Dutch population (age ≥18 years) alive on January 1, 2018. The co-primary outcomes were ICU admission and death up to 1 year. Crude event rates and event-specific adjusted hazard rates (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariable analysis for people with and without exposure to an opioid prescription.

Results: We included 13 813 173 individuals, of whom 32 831 were admitted to the ICU and 152 259 died during the 1 year follow-up. Rates of ICU admission and death amongst people who reimbursed an opioid prescription were 5.87 and 62.2 per 1000 person-years, and rates of ICU admission and death in those without a prescription were 2.03 and 6.34, respectively. Exposed individuals had a higher rate of both ICU admission (aHR 2.53; 95% CI: 2.45-2.60) and death (aHR 7.11; 95% CI: 7.02-7.19) compared with unexposed individuals. Both outcomes were more frequent amongst prescription opioid users across a range of subgroups.

Conclusions: The rate of ICU admission and death was higher amongst prescription opioid users than non-users in the full cohort and in subgroups. These findings represent an important public health concern.

No abstract available

Abstract
The intensive care units in North West London are part of one of the oldest critical care networks in the UK, forming a mature and established strategic alliance to share resources, experience and knowledge for the benefit of its patients. North West London saw an early surge in COVID-19 admissions, which urgently threatened the capacity of some of its intensive care units even before the UK government announced lockdown. The pre-existing relationships and culture within the network allowed its members to unite and work rapidly to develop agile and innovative solutions, protecting any individual unit from becoming overwhelmed, and ultimately protecting its patients. Within a short 50-day period 223 patients were transferred within the network to distribute pressures. This unprecedented number of critical care transfers, combined with the creation of extra capacity and new pathways, allowed the region to continue to offer timely and unrationed access to critical care for all patients who would benefit from admission. This extraordinary response is a testament to the power and benefits of a regionally networked approach to critical care, and the lessons learned may benefit other healthcare providers, managers and policy makers, especially in regions currently facing new outbreaks of COVID-19.

Background: Delirium is highly prevalent in the intensive care unit (ICU) and associated with high morbidity and mortality. The antipsychotic haloperidol is the most frequently used agent to treat delirium although this is not supported by solid evidence. The AID-ICU trial investigates the effects of haloperidol versus placebo for the treatment of delirium in adult ICU patients.

Methods: This protocol describes the secondary, pre-planned Bayesian analyses of the primary and secondary outcomes up to day 90 of the AID-ICU trial. We will use Bayesian linear regression models for all count outcomes and Bayesian logistic regression models for all dichotomous outcomes. We will adjust for stratification variables (site and delirium subtype) and use weakly informative priors supplemented with sensitivity analyses using sceptical priors. We will present results as absolute differences (mean differences (MD) and risk differences (RD)) and relative differences (ratios of means (ROM) and relative risks (RR)). Posteriors will be summarised using median values as point estimates and percentile-based 95% credibility intervals (CrIs). Probabilities of any benefit/harm, clinically important benefit/harm and clinically unimportant differences will be presented for all outcomes.

Discussion: The results of this secondary, pre-planned Bayesian analysis will complement the primary frequentist analysis of the AID-ICU trial and facilitate a nuanced and probabilistic interpretation of the trial results. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Abstract
This year marked a number of milestones in critical care. As vaccines for the SARS-CoV-2 virus became widely available and were confirmed to be exceptionally effective against severe illness and hospitalization, we were then faced with new variants and the resource-intense responses necessary to combat them. Despite challenges new and old, we have persevered and continued to provide excellent care to our patients while pushing the boundaries of clinical research. This article is a collection of studies published in 2021 relevant to critical care, with a specific focus on cardiothoracic critical care. To ignore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic would do a disservice to our colleagues, many of whom have made incredible breakthroughs in novel therapies to the coronavirus, and yet we present additional themes of delirium, acute kidney injury, lung transplant, advances in ECMO as well as biomarkers of sepsis.

Abstract
Background: Patients with COVID-19 can require critical care for prolonged periods. Patients with persistent critical Illness can have complex recovery trajectories, but this has not been studied for patients with COVID-19. We examined the prevalence, risk factors, and long-term outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19 and persistent critical illness.

Methods: This was a national cohort study of all adults admitted to Scottish critical care units with COVID-19 from March 1, 2020 to September 4, 20. Persistent critical illness was defined as a critical care length of stay (LOS) of ≥10 days. Outcomes included 1-yr mortality and hospital readmission after critical care discharge. Fine and Gray competing risk analysis was used to identify factors associated with persistent critical Illness with death as a competing risk.

Results: A total of 2236 patients with COVID-19 were admitted to critical care; 1045 patients were identified as developing persistent critical Illness, comprising 46.7% of the cohort but using 80.6% of bed-days. Patients with persistent critical illness used more organ support, had longer post-critical care LOS, and longer total hospital LOS. Persistent critical illness was not significantly associated with long-term mortality or hospital readmission. Risk factors associated with increased hazard of persistent critical illness included age, illness severity, organ support on admission, and fewer comorbidities.

Conclusions: Almost half of all patients with COVID-19 admitted to critical care developed persistent critical illness, with high resource use in critical care and beyond. However, persistent critical illness was not associated with significantly worse long-term outcomes compared with patients who were critically ill for shorter periods.

The Clinical Practice Committee of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine endorses the clinical practice guideline Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. The guideline serves as a useful bedside decision aid for clinicians managing adults with suspected and confirmed septic shock and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction.

Opioids are a commonly administered analgesic medication in the intensive care unit, primarily to facilitate invasive mechanical ventilation. Consensus guidelines advocate for an opioid-first strategy for the management of acute pain in ventilated patients. As a result, these patients are potentially exposed to high opioid doses for prolonged periods, increasing the risk of adverse effects. Adverse effects relevant to these critically ill patients include delirium, intensive care unit-acquired infections, acute opioid tolerance, iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, persistent opioid use, and chronic post-intensive care unit pain. Consequently, there is a challenge of optimising analgesia while minimising these adverse effects. This narrative review will discuss the characteristics of opioid use in the intensive care unit, outline the potential short-term and long-term adverse effects of opioid therapy in critically ill patients, and outline a multifaceted strategy for opioid minimisation.

Massive transfusions guided by massive transfusion protocols are commonly used to manage critical bleeding, when the patient is at significant risk of morbidity and mortality, and multiple timely decisions must be made by clinicians. Clinical decision support systems are increasingly used to provide patient-specific recommendations by comparing patient information to a knowledge base, and have been shown to improve patient outcomes. To investigate current massive transfusion practice and the experiences and attitudes of anaesthetists towards massive transfusion and clinical decision support systems, we anonymously surveyed 1000 anaesthetists and anaesthesia trainees across Australia and New Zealand. A total of 228 surveys (23.6%) were successfully completed and 227 were analysed for a 23.3% response rate. Most respondents were involved in massive transfusions infrequently (88.1% managed five or fewer massive transfusion protocols per year) and worked at hospitals which have massive transfusion protocols (89.4%). Massive transfusion management was predominantly limited by timely access to point-of-care coagulation assessment and by competition with other tasks, with trainees reporting more significant limitations compared to specialists. The majority of respondents reported that they were likely, or very likely, both to use (73.1%) and to trust (85%) a clinical decision support system for massive transfusions, with no significant difference between anaesthesia trainees and specialists (P = 0.375 and P = 0.73, respectively). While the response rate to our survey was poor, there was still a wide range of massive transfusion experience among respondents, with multiple subjective factors identified limiting massive transfusion practice. We identified several potential design features and barriers to implementation to assist with the future development of a clinical decision support system for massive transfusion, and overall wide support for a clinical decision support system for massive transfusion among respondents.

We note with interest the results of the survey by Sanderson et al.1 The survey demonstrated majority support amongst clinicians for point-of-care (POC) viscoelastic haemostatic assay (VHA) results to be displayed with transfusion recommendations and for a computerised clinical decision support (CDS) system to guide massive transfusion (MT) management. We write to describe our experience in developing a smartphone CDS tool for rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEMVR; TEM International GmbH, Munich, Germany) interpretation at our institution to improve complex algorithm interpretation and to provide decision support during MT.

There is a lack of data to support either continuation or interruption of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants for cataract and vitreoretinal surgery. A prospective audit was undertaken of 291 patients undergoing cataract surgery or vitreoretinal surgery, predominantly under sub-Tenon's block, while continuing these agents. The median time from last non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant dose to the insertion of sub-Tenon's block was five hours. No patient required emergency reversal of anticoagulation. There were no sight-threatening complications in the immediate perioperative period, although two vitreoretinal patients (3.8%) had a moderate haemorrhagic complication on day five, and two cataract patients (0.8%) had a minor haemorrhagic complication on days one and 14 postoperatively. Despite continuing their non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants, three (1%) cataract patients had a moderate thromboembolic complication within the 30-day postoperative period. The risk of haemorrhagic complications associated with continuation of anticoagulation with non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants for cataract and vitreoretinal surgery is low, and this audit supports the continuation of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants for our patients having cataract and vitreoretinal surgery.

Abstract
Māori are the indigenous people of New Zealand, and suffer disparate health outcomes compared to non-Māori. Waikato District Health Board provides level III intensive care unit services to New Zealand's Midland region. In 2016, our institution formalised a corporate strategy to eliminate health inequities for Māori. Our study aimed to describe Māori health outcomes in our intensive care unit and identify inequities. We performed a retrospective audit of prospectively entered data in the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society database for all general intensive care unit admissions over 15 years of age to Waikato Hospital from 2014 to 2018 (n = 3009). Primary outcomes were in-intensive care unit and in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcome was one-year mortality. In our study, Māori were over-represented relative to the general population. Compared to non-Māori, Māori patients were younger (51 versus 61 years, P < 0.001), and were more likely to reside outside of the Waikato region (37.2% versus 28.0%, P < 0.001) and in areas of higher deprivation (P < 0.001). Māori had higher admission rates for trauma and sepsis (P < 0.001 overall) and required more renal replacement therapy (P < 0.001). There was no difference in crude and adjusted mortality in-intensive care unit (16.8% versus 16.5%, P = 0.853; adjusted odds ratio 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.68 to 1.40)) or in-hospital (23.7% versus 25.7%, P = 0.269; adjusted odds ratio 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.60 to 1.18)). One-year mortality was similar (26.1% versus 27.1%, P=0.6823). Our study found significant ethnic inequity in the intensive care unit for Māori, who require more renal replacement therapy and are over-represented in admissions, especially for trauma and sepsis. These findings suggest upstream factors increasing Māori risk for critical illness. There was no difference in mortality outcomes.

Abstract
Background: We sought to examine potential associations between pediatric postcardiac surgical hematocrit values and postoperative complications or mortality.

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database (STS-CHSD) and Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia Society Database Module (2014-2019) was completed. Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for covariates in the STS-CHSD mortality risk model, were used to assess the relationship between postoperative hematocrit and the primary outcomes of operative mortality or any major complication. Hematocrit was assessed as a continuous variable using linear splines to account for nonlinear relationships with outcomes. Operations after which the oxygen saturation is typically observed to be <92% were classified as cyanotic and ≥92% as acyanotic.

Results: In total, 27,462 index operations were included, with 4909 (17.9%) being cyanotic and 22,553 (82.1%) acyanotic. For cyanotic patients, each 5% incremental increase in hematocrit over 42% was associated with a 1.31-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.55; P = .003) increase in the odds of operative mortality and a 1.22-fold (95% CI, 1.10-1.36; P < .001) increase in the odds of a major complication. For acyanotic patients, each 5% incremental increase in hematocrit >38% was associated with a 1.45-fold (95% CI, 1.28-1.65; P < .001) increase in the odds of operative mortality and a 1.21-fold (95% CI, 1.14-1.29; P < .001) increase in the odds of a major complication.

Conclusions: High hematocrit on arrival to the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with increased operative mortality and major complications in pediatric patients following cardiac surgery.

This is the seventeenth annual Paediatric Intensive Care Audit Network (PICANet) clinical audit report documenting paediatric critical care activity which occurred in the United Kingdom (UK) and Republic of Ireland (ROI) between 2017 and 2019. Information on five key metrics related to Paediatric Intensive Care services is provided: case ascertainment including timeliness of data submission, retrieval mobilisation times, number of qualified nurses per bed, emergency readmissions within 48 hours and mortality in PICU.

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to describe healthcare utilization of patients admitted to ICU before and after ICU admission.

Methods: Register-based study including adult patients discharged from ICU between January 1st, 2011 and December 31st, 2014. Reference group was a sex- and age-matched population not admitted to an ICU in the study period. Outcomes were hospital admissions, contacts to general practitioner or emergency services and municipality services from 1 year before ICU admission and up to 3 years after.

Results: The study included 82 384 patients and an equal number of reference persons. Of patients with ICU admission, 48% were married (reference group 57%), 48% had elementary school education (reference group 38%) and 18% had a Charlson co-morbidity score of 5+ (4% in reference group). We found that 51% of patients with an ICU admission had been admitted to hospital in the year before ICU admission (reference group 15%) and 97% had a contact to a general practitioner (reference group 89%) in the same period.

Conclusions: Patients admitted to an ICU had increased use of both primary and secondary health care both before and for years after ICU treatment, even after adjustment for comorbidities and socio-economic factors

Abstract
Alcohol misuse is a disproportionately large contributor to morbidity and mortality in the Northern Territory. A number of alcohol harm minimisation policies have been implemented in recent years. The effect of these on intensive care unit (ICU) admissions has not been fully explored. A retrospective before-after cross-sectional study was conducted at the Alice Springs Hospital ICU between 1 October 2017 and 30 September 2019. The primary outcome was the proportion of admissions in which alcohol misuse was a contributing factor in the 12 months before (pre-reforms phase) versus the 12 months following (post-reforms phase) implementation of alcohol legislation reforms. Secondary outcomes were measures of critical care resource use (length of stay, need for and duration of mechanical ventilation). After exclusions, 1323 ICU admissions were analysed. There was a reduction in the proportion of admissions associated with alcohol misuse between the pre-reforms and post-reforms phases (18.8% versus 11.7%, P < 0.01). This was true for both acute (10.6% versus 3.6%, P < 0.01) and chronic misuse (13.3% versus 9.6%, P = 0.03). Rates of mechanical ventilation were unchanged during the post-reforms phase (18.3% versus 14.7%). Admissions with a primary diagnosis of trauma were lower (10.5% versus 4.7%, P < 0.01). This study demonstrated a reduction in ICU admissions associated with alcohol misuse following the implementation of new alcohol harm minimisation policies. This apparent reduction in alcohol-related harm is suggestive of the effectiveness of the Northern Territory's integrated alcohol harm reduction framework.

Abstract
The prone position is commonly used in certain surgical procedures and to improve oxygenation in mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) in this position may be more challenging to treat because care providers trained in conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may not be familiar with CPR in the prone position. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of current evidence regarding the methodology, efficacy, and experience of CPR in the prone position, in patients with the airway already secured. The search strategy included PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. All studies published up to April 2020 including CRA or CPR in the prone position were included. Of the 268 articles located, 52 articles were included: 5 review articles, 8 clinical guidelines in which prone CPR was mentioned, 4 originals, 27 case reports, and 8 editorials or correspondences. Data from reviewed clinical studies confirm that CPR in the prone position is a reasonable alternative to supine CPR when the latter cannot be immediately implemented, and the airway is already secured. Defibrillation in the prone position is also possible. Familiarizing clinicians with CPR and defibrillation in the prone position may improve CPR performance in the prone position.

The American Journal of Critical Care (AJCC) is the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses' (AACN's) preeminent peer-reviewed publication for communicating advances in critical care research. This bimonthly journal’s mission is to create a space for our readers and members of AACN to engage with original research and innovation in critical care.

The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine publishes high-quality original papers, reviews, and clinical trials in respiratory, critical care, and sleep medicine to foster advances in translational research and clinical practice.

‘Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care’, is an international, peer reviewed journal. Registered by Pakistan Medical & Dental Council and recognized by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care is an international journal publishing timely, peer reviewed articles that have educational value and scientific merit for clinicians and researchers associated with anaesthesia, intensive care medicine, and pain medicine. It is the official journal of the Australian Society of Anaesthetists, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society and the New Zealand Society of Anaesthetists.

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care is an international journal publishing timely, peer reviewed articles that have educational value and scientific merit for clinicians and researchers associated with anaesthesia, intensive care medicine, and pain medicine. It is the official journal of the Australian Society of Anaesthetists, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society and the New Zealand Society of Anaesthetists.

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine is a continually updated, evidence-based, learning resource for trainees. Mapped to the curriculum of both the Primary and Final Fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists (FRCA) examinations, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine provides high calibre and concise articles designed to help you pass the FRCA exams.

Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine (formerly Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation) publishes in English the highest quality original material, both scientific and clinical, on all aspects of anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine.

Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine (formerly Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation) publishes in English the highest quality original material, both scientific and clinical, on all aspects of anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine.

Official journal of the Polish Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy. The journal is addressed chiefly to anaesthesiologists. However, due to the wide range of subjects it tackles (i.e. issues associated with anaesthesia, intensive therapy, resuscitation, pain research and management, emergency medical care, and perioperative medicine) and the interdisciplinary character of its articles it is also aimed at physicians with other specialisms.

Annals of Intensive Care is an online peer-reviewed journal aimed at publishing high-quality review articles and original research papers on intensive care medicine. It is intended for all critical care providers (attending physicians, fellows, residents, nurses, and physiotherapists) seeking to update their own knowledge to ensure they provide the best care for their patients.

Burns aims to foster the exchange of information among all engaged in preventing and treating the effects of burns. The journal focuses on clinical, scientific and social aspects of these injuries and covers the prevention of the injury, the epidemiology of such injuries and all aspects of treatment including development of new techniques and technologies and verification of existing ones. Regular features include clinical and scientific papers, state of the art reviews and descriptions of burn-care in practice.

Critical Care is a high quality, peer-reviewed, international clinical medical journal that aims to improve the care of critically ill patients by acquiring, discussing, distributing, and promoting evidence-based information relevant to intensivists. The journal publishes commentaries, reviews, and research in all areas of intensive care and emergency medicine.

Critical Care and Resuscitation (CC&R) is the official scientific journal of the College of Intensive Care Medicine (CICM). The Journal is a quarterly publication (ISSN 1441-2772) with original articles of scientific and clinical interest in the specialities of Critical Care, Intensive Care, Anaesthesia, Emergency Medicine and related disciplines.

Critical Care Clinics updates you on the latest trends in patient management, keeps you up to date on the newest advances, and provides a sound basis for choosing treatment options. Published four times a year—in January, April, July, and October—each issue focuses on a single topic in critical care, including cardiac emergencies, sepsis, infectious diseases, shock and trauma, neurologic problems, toxicology, pulmonary disorders, intensive care procedures, and patient observation. Critical Care Clinics is also an ideal resource for those in the fields of anesthesia, emergency medicine, and respiratory medicine.

Critical Care Explorations is the official open access journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine. The journal rapidly evaluates and disseminates new data and analyses that stimulate further innovation and inquiry toward optimal care of the critically ill adult or child. The journal publishes basic and translational science reports, clinical investigations, narrative and systematic reviews, meta-analyses, quality improvement studies, predictive modelling studies, advances in therapies and monitoring, implementation science reports, methodological and technical advances, and health services research related to critical illness at all life stages.

The official journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine covers all aspects of acute and emergency care for the critically ill or injured patient.

The mission of CRITICAL CARE NURSE, a bimonthly peer-reviewed journal, is to provide critical care and acute care nurses with accurate, relevant, and useful information concerning the bedside care of critically and acutely ill patients and to keep critical and acute care nurses informed on issues that affect their practice. By reading any issue of CRITICAL CARE NURSE, critical care and acute care nurses should benefit through increased knowledge concerning critical and acute care nursing practice and be able to use this knowledge to care for patients and their families in a more effective manner.

In the fields of anaesthesia and critical care, ways of thinking can change so quickly that most textbooks have difficulty keeping up. Published bi-monthly, each issue gives you access to the most current and vital account of what's going on in these critical areas.

Published bimonthly and featuring 13 key topics – including the respiratory system, neuroscience, trauma and infectious diseases – the journal’s renowned team of guest editors ensure a balanced, expert assessment of the recently published literature in each respective field with insightful editorials and on-the-mark invited reviews.

​The European Journal of Anaesthesiology (EJA) publishes original work of high scientific quality. Preference is given to experimental work or clinical observation in man, and to laboratory work of clinical relevance. The journal also publishes commissioned narrative reviews by an authority in a field of interest to those working in anaesthesiology, pain, emergency medicine or intensive care. Editorials, commissioned commentaries and book reviews also included.

Published on behalf of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.

EJAIC is an official publication of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC). The journal has rapid electronic publication of peer-reviewed, high scientific quality content and is open to experimental studies with clinical relevance, confirmation studies, pilot studies, and study protocols.

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine (ISSN 0972-5229) is specialty periodical published monthly, under the auspices of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine. Journal encourages research, education and dissemination of knowledge in the fields of critical care medicine and emergency medicine.

Intensive Care Medicine is the publication platform for the communication and exchange of current work and ideas in intensive care medicine. It is intended for all those who are involved in intensive medical care, physicians, anaesthetists, surgeons, pediatricians, as well as those concerned with pre-clinical subjects and medical sciences basic to these disciplines.

The Journal of Critical Care, the official publication of the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine (WFSICCM), is a leading international, peer-reviewed journal providing original research, review articles, tutorials, and invited articles for physicians and allied health professionals involved in treating the critically ill. The Journal aims to improve patient care by furthering understanding of health systems research and its integration into clinical practice.

Journal of Intensive Care is an open access journal encompassing all aspects of intensive care medicine, such as intensive and critical care, trauma and surgical intensive care, pediatric intensive care, acute and emergency medicine, perioperative medicine, resuscitation, infection control and organ dysfunction. In addition, the journal encourages submissions considering the different cultural aspects of intensive care practice.

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine (JICM) is a peer-reviewed bi-monthly journal offering medical and surgical clinicians in adult and paediatric intensive care state-of-the-art, broad-based analytic reviews and updates, original articles, reports of large clinical series, techniques and procedures, topic-specific electronic resources, book reviews, and editorials on all aspects of intensive/critical/coronary care.

Journal of Intensive Medicine is an open-access peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality review papers and original research articles related to the latest trends and advances covering all aspects of intensive care medicine.

This journal aims to provide a forum for communication among all practitioners involved in intensive care.

The Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care is an English multidisciplinary peer-reviewed international journal publishing articles in the field of pediatric intensive care. Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care is written for the entire intensive care team: pediatric intensivist, pediatricians, neonatologists, respiratory therapists, nurses, and others who deal with pediatric patients who are followed in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units.

The Journal of the Intensive Care Society (JICS) strives to disseminate clinically and scientifically relevant peer-reviewed research, evaluation, experience and opinion to all staff working in the field of intensive care medicine.

The Journal of Tissue Viability is the official publication of the Tissue Viability Society and is a quarterly journal concerned with all aspects of the occurrence and treatment of wounds, ulcers and pressure sores including patient care, pain, nutrition, wound healing, research, prevention, mobility, social problems and management.

Medicina Intensiva is the journal of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) and of Pan American and Iberian Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine. Medicina Intensiva has become the reference publication in Spanish in its field. The journal mainly publishes Original Articles, Reviews, Clinical Notes, Consensus Documents, Images, and other information relevant to the specialty. All works go through a rigorous selection process. The journal accepts submissions of articles in English and in Spanish languages. The journal follows the publication requirements of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Resuscitation is a monthly international and interdisciplinary medical journal. The papers published deal with the aetiology, pathophysiology and prevention of cardiac arrest, resuscitation training, clinical resuscitation, and experimental resuscitation research, although papers relating to animal studies will be published only if they are of exceptional interest and related directly to clinical cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Papers relating to trauma are published occasionally but the majority of these concern traumatic cardiac arrest.

Resuscitation Plus, a companion title to the respected Resuscitation, is an open access quarterly international and interdisciplinary medical journal. The papers published deal with the aetiology, pathophysiology and prevention of cardiac arrest, resuscitation training and simulation, clinical resuscitation, and experimental resuscitation research. Animal studies relating to cardiopulmonary resuscitation and post-resuscitation and papers relating to traumatic cardiac arrest and haemorrhagic shock are encouraged. Systematic reviews, narrative reviews, scoping reviews, case reports and methods papers relating to cardiopulmonary resuscitation are also encouraged.

Trauma Case Reports is the only open access, online journal dedicated to the publication of case reports in all aspects of trauma care and accident surgery. Includes case reports on all aspects of trauma management, surgical procedures for all tissues, resuscitation, anaesthesia and trauma and tissue healing.

Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care aims to be a leading biomedical review journal, providing reviews and comment on highly topical subjects and the latest breakthroughs in basic, clinical and translational research. This includes basic and clinical research aimed at understanding disease processes and clinical practice of importance to anaesthesia and critical care.

A distinctive blend of practicality and scholarliness makes the American Journal of Emergency Medicine a key source for information on emergency medical care. Covering all activities concerned with emergency medicine, it is the journal to turn to for information to help increase the ability to understand, recognize and treat emergency conditions. Issues contain clinical articles, case reports, review articles, editorials, international notes, book reviews and more.

Annals of Emergency Medicine, the official journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians, is an international, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to improving the quality of care by publishing the highest quality science for emergency medicine and related medical specialties. Annals publishes original research, clinical reports, opinion, and educational information related to the practice, teaching, and research of emergency medicine. In addition to general emergency medicine topics, Annals regularly publishes articles on out-of-hospital emergency medical services, paediatric emergency medicine, injury and disease prevention, health policy and ethics, disaster management, toxicology, and related topics. The journal welcomes submissions from international contributors and researchers of all specialties.

BMC Emergency Medicine is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all urgent and emergency aspects of medicine, in both practice and basic research. In addition, the journal covers aspects of disaster medicine and medicine in special locations, such as conflict areas and military medicine, together with articles concerning healthcare services in the emergency departments.

Since 1999 the Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine is the publication platform for the communication and exchange of current work and ideas inspiring excellence in emergency medical care; it is an essential resource for emergency physicians in rural, urban or academic settings that reflect the growing interest in emergency medicine, both as a medical discipline and an expanding field for research. It is one of the top journals in its field and is the respected official journal of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians.

This practical journal is devoted to helping pediatricians and emergency physicians provide the best possible care for their young patients. Each topical issue focuses on a single condition frequently seen. Cogently written review articles synthesize practical new advances in the field giving you the authoritative guidance on disease process, diagnosis, and management you need to achieve the best results.

Critical Care and Resuscitation (CC&R) is the official scientific journal of the College of Intensive Care Medicine (CICM). The Journal is a quarterly publication (ISSN 1441-2772) with original articles of scientific and clinical interest in the specialities of Critical Care, Intensive Care, Anaesthesia, Emergency Medicine and related disciplines.

​The European Journal of Anaesthesiology (EJA) publishes original work of high scientific quality. Preference is given to experimental work or clinical observation in man, and to laboratory work of clinical relevance. The journal also publishes commissioned narrative reviews by an authority in a field of interest to those working in anaesthesiology, pain, emergency medicine or intensive care. Editorials, commissioned commentaries and book reviews also included.

Published on behalf of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.

Emergency Medicine Australasia is the official journal of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM) and the Australasian Society for Emergency Medicine (ASEM), and publishes original articles dealing with all aspects of clinical practice, research, education and experiences in emergency medicine.

Original articles are published under the following sections: Original Research, Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Disaster Medicine, Education and Training, Ethics, International Emergency Medicine, Management and Quality, Medicolegal Matters, Prehospital Care, Public Health, Rural and Remote Care, Technology, Toxicology and Trauma. Accepted papers become the copyright of the journal.

Emergency and Critical Care Medicine is an open access, peer-reviewed, international medical journal dedicated to improving the quality of care by publishing basic and clinical cutting-edge findings in emergency, critical care and related medical specialties.

Contributions are welcome from emergency and critical care professionals and researchers, with research areas including but not limited to the followings: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, acute cardiovascular diseases, stroke, shock, acute respiratory failure, infection, trauma, out-of-hospital emergency medical services, emergency, critical care, disaster management, toxicology, organ dysfunction, artificial intelligence, life-supporting devices, etc.

We publish the following article types: original articles, reviews, case reports, meta-analysis, comments, methodologies, perspectives/viewpoints, editorials, images, news, communications, letters to the editor, etc.

Emergency and Critical Care Medicine is an official journal of Shandong University, funded by the “High-level New Journal of 2019 Action Plan for the Excellence of China Science and Technology Journals” project, supported by Chinese Society of Emergency Medicine as well as Chest Pain Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care.​​

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America updates those in the fields of anesthesia, critical care, and emergency medicine on the latest trends in patient management, providing a sound basis for choosing the best treatment options. Published four times a year - in February, May, August, and November - each issue covers a single topic in emergency medicine, including cardiac, paediatric, neurological, thoracic, and orthopaedic emergencies, as well as trauma and toxicology.

Emergency Medicine International is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that provides a forum for doctors, nurses, paramedics and ambulance staff. The journal publishes original research articles and review articles related to prehospital care, disaster preparedness and response, acute medical and paediatric emergencies, critical care, sports medicine, wound care, and toxicology.

The International Journal of Emergency Medicine is a high-quality Open Access journal which aims to bring to light the various clinical advancements and research developments attained over the world, thus helping the specialty forge ahead. It is directed towards physicians and medical personnel undergoing training or working within the field of Emergency Medicine. Disciplines covered include interesting clinical cases, the latest evidence-based practice and research developments in Emergency Medicine, including emergency pediatrics. The International Journal of Emergency Medicine focuses on the practice of Emergency Medicine in a variety of settings, from urban emergency departments and rural clinics in the developing world, to humanitarian and disaster situations. It aims to shed light on international advances in practice, education and research, with a single common goal: to reduce suffering and promote excellence in patient care worldwide.

Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open (JACEP Open) is the official Open Access journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP). Complementing ACEP’s flagship journal, Annals of Emergency Medicine, JACEP Open welcomes high quality reports representing the full spectrum of emergency care. JACEP Open presents works in the open access format freely available and accessible to the international emergency medicine community. The journal welcomes submissions from international contributors and provides a forum for work products of ACEP subcommittees. JACEP Open is owned by the American College of Emergency Physicians. The Journal is published by Wiley and is available online only.

The Journal of Cardiovascular Emergencies is an official Journal of the Transylvannian Association of Transvascular Therapy and Transplantation Kardiomed, Tirgu Mures, Romania, and is published quarterly.

The Journal of Cardiovascular Emergencies aims to publish top quality papers related to acute conditions in any cardiovascular pathology.

The journal focuses mainly on recent advances in the field of diagnosis and treatment of the most common causes of cardiovascular emergencies, including acute coronary syndromes, acute heart failure, acute aortic diseases, pulmonary embolism, peripheral arterial diseases or cardiac arrhythmia. Interdisciplinary approaches will be extremely welcomed, presenting new advances in the approach of different other pathologies (i.e. stroke) from the cardiovascular perspective.

Journal of Emergencies Trauma, and Shock (JETS) is the official journal of INDUSEM. It is also the Official Journal of The World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine and the OPUS12 Network.

JETS encourages research, education and dissemination of knowledge in the fields of Emergency Medicine, Traumatolgy and Shock Resuscitation thus promoting translational research by striking a synergy between basic science, clinical medicine and global health.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine is an international, peer-reviewed publication featuring original contributions of interest to both the academic and practicing emergency physician. JEM, published monthly, contains research papers and clinical studies as well as articles focusing on the training of emergency physicians and on the practice of emergency medicine.

Resuscitation is a monthly international and interdisciplinary medical journal. The papers published deal with the aetiology, pathophysiology and prevention of cardiac arrest, resuscitation training, clinical resuscitation, and experimental resuscitation research, although papers relating to animal studies will be published only if they are of exceptional interest and related directly to clinical cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Papers relating to trauma are published occasionally but the majority of these concern traumatic cardiac arrest.

Resuscitation Plus, a companion title to the respected Resuscitation, is an open access quarterly international and interdisciplinary medical journal. The papers published deal with the aetiology, pathophysiology and prevention of cardiac arrest, resuscitation training and simulation, clinical resuscitation, and experimental resuscitation research. Animal studies relating to cardiopulmonary resuscitation and post-resuscitation and papers relating to traumatic cardiac arrest and haemorrhagic shock are encouraged. Systematic reviews, narrative reviews, scoping reviews, case reports and methods papers relating to cardiopulmonary resuscitation are also encouraged.

The primary topics of interest in Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine (SJTREM) are the pre-hospital and early in-hospital diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of emergency medicine, trauma, and resuscitation. Contributions focusing on dispatch, major incidents, etiology, pathophysiology, rehabilitation, epidemiology, prevention, education, training, implementation, work environment, as well as ethical and socio-economic aspects may also be assessed for publication.

The Visual Journal of Emergency Medicine publishes image-based case discussions representing the entire core curriculum and subspecialties of clinical emergency medicine. Images include clinical photos, EKGs, ultrasound images, plain radiographs, and representative CT and MR images.

Each image-based case will include a question and answer set.

Published in a mobile optimized online format, the journal provides a multidisciplinary clinical and educational publishing opportunity for emergency physicians, emergency medicine and other residents, fellows, emergency nurses, physician assistants, EMTs, paramedics, and clinicians in related fields. All submissions are peer-reviewed.

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, the official journal of the Wilderness Medical Society, is a peer-reviewed quarterly journal devoted to original scientific and technical contributions furthering research and medical practice related to remote, isolated, austere, or environmentally challenging environments and exposures. The journal is intended for clinicians, researchers, practitioners, and others interested in human health, safety, and performance in conditions often defined by natural extremes and/or limited access to resources. Examples of broad areas of interest include: mountaineering, altitude (ground and air-based), aquatic (immersion, drowning, and diving), thermal stress (heat, cold, and humidity-complicated), trauma, biological hazards (plant, animal, and infectious agents), military medicine, global health (travel, disaster, and climate change), search and rescue (standard and emerging technologies), unusual environmental stressors (natural and manufactured), and community leadership (education, standards, and best practice).

World Journal of Emergency Medicine (WJEM, ISSN 1920-8642, CN 33-1408/R) is an international peer-reviewed bimonthly journal sponsored by Zhejiang University and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and published by the Zhejiang University Press. WJEM publishes articles of interest to both clinicians and researchers involving emergency medicine around world. It focuses on content relevant to clinical practice and research, laboratory studies, medical education about emergency medicine.

World Journal of Emergency Surgery is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that encompasses all aspects of clinical and basic research related to traumatic and non-traumatic emergency surgery and its allied subjects. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: emergency surgery, acute care surgery, trauma surgery, intensive care, trauma management and resuscitation.