Anaesthesia & critical care in unusual & transport environments: Journals & articles

Abstract
On 7 October 2023, Israel faced an unexpected attack by Hamas, causing over 1,200 deaths and injuring more than 9,000 individuals. This report delves into the rapid medical response spearheaded by Israel's civilian Emergency Medical Service, Magen David Adom (MDA), during this crisis. Utilizing data from MDA's electronic database, 4,097 dispatch records from the day were analyzed. Of these, 39.3% were directly related to the attack. EMS teams faced multiple challenges, including handling an overwhelming number of casualties and navigating active combat zones, which impeded safe access to victims, posed significant risks to teams' safety, and constrained patient evacuation strategies. This incident underscores the importance of reinforcing healthcare resilience, particularly emphasizing the need for centralizing various aspects of response efforts. These include streamlined communication, national coordination of pre-hospital resources, and systemic management of patient evacuations. Moreover, providing substantial support for EMS personnel, who operated in highly challenging conditions, is imperative.

Abstract
The goal of emergency medical services (EMS) is to provide urgent medical care and stabilization prior to patient transport to a healthcare facility for definitive treatment. The number and variety of interventions performed in the field by EMS providers continues to grow as early management of severe injuries and critical illness in the pre-hospital setting has been shown to improve patient outcomes. The sequela of many field interventions, including those associated with airway management, emergent vascular access, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), patient immobilization, and hemorrhage control may be appreciated on emergency department admission imaging. Attention to these imaging findings is important for the emergency radiologist, who may be the first to identify a malpositioned device or an iatrogenic complication arising from pre-hospital treatment. Recognition of these findings may allow for earlier corrective action to be taken in the acute care setting. This review describes common EMS interventions and their imaging findings.

Abstract
The Wilderness Medical Society reconvened an expert panel to update best practice guidelines for spinal cord protection during trauma management. This panel, with membership updated in 2023, was charged with the development of evidence-based guidelines for management of the injured or potentially injured spine in wilderness environments. Recommendations are made regarding several parameters related to spinal cord protection. These recommendations are graded based on the quality of supporting evidence and balance the benefits and risks/burdens for each parameter according to American College of Chest Physicians methodology. Key recommendations include the concept that interventions should be goal-oriented (spinal cord/column protection in the context of overall patient and provider safety) rather than technique-oriented (immobilization). An evidence-based, goal-oriented approach excludes the immobilization of suspected spinal injuries via rigid collars or backboards.

Abstract
Objective: Ventilator-assisted preoxygenation (VAPOX) is a method of preoxygenation and apnoeic ventilation which has been tried in hospital setting. We aimed to describe VAPOX during intubation of critically unwell patients in aeromedical retrieval setting.

Methods: Retrospective observational study of VAPOX performed at LifeFlight Retrieval Medicine (LRM) between January 2018 and December 2022 across Queensland, Australia. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Descriptive statistics and paired Student's t-tests were used to evaluate the efficacy of VAPOX on oxygen saturation (SpO2 ).

Results: VAPOX was used in 40 patients. Diagnoses included pneumonia (n = 11), COPD (n = 6) and neurological (n = 7). Patients were intubated in hospital (n = 36), in helicopter (n = 2) and ambulance (n = 2). Median VAPOX settings were: positive end-expiratory pressure 6 (IQR 5-9), pressure support 10 (IQR 10-14) and back up respiratory rate 14 (IQR 11-18). Twelve agitated patients underwent delayed sequence induction with ketamine. There was a statistically significant increase in SpO2 after application of VAPOX (P < 0.001), followed by a slight decrease after intubation (P = 0.006). Mean SpO2 were significantly improved after intubation compared with on arrival of LRM (P = 0.016). Hypotension was present prior to VAPOX (n = 13), during VAPOX (n = 2) and post-intubation (n = 15). Two patients had cardiac arrest. Three patients were started on VAPOX but subsequently failed. There were no significant oxygen depletion or aspiration events.

Conclusion: VAPOX can be considered for pre-intubation optimisation in the retrieval environment. The incidence of post-intubation critical hypoxia was low, and hypotension was high. Pre-intubation respiratory physiology can be optimised by delivering variable pressure supported minute ventilation, achieving a low incidence of critical hypoxia.

Abstract
Background: Emergency airway management in resource-limited settings presents multifaceted challenges due to shortages in essential medical resources, healthcare professionals, and infrastructure.

Methods: We conducted a literature search using keywords "Emergency Airway Management" "Low Resource" "Africa" "Asia" from databases such as Pubmed, and Google Scholar, from where we extracted relevant literature for our study.

Findings: These limitations resulted in delayed interventions, suboptimal care, and higher complication rates during intubation procedures. However, innovative solutions have emerged to address these challenges, including cost-effective airway management devices and training programs tailored for non-medical personnel. Capacity building and local empowerment are critical components of improving emergency airway management in these settings. Additionally, advocating for policy support and investment in healthcare infrastructure is essential to ensure access to essential equipment and adequate staffing. Collaboration and knowledge-sharing networks among healthcare professionals and organisations are pivotal in disseminating best practices and advancing healthcare delivery in resource-limited regions.

Conclusion: Future efforts should focus on tailored training programs, rigorous research, innovative device development, telemedicine solutions, sustainable capacity building, and advocacy to enhance emergency airway management in resource-limited settings.

Abstract
Purpose of review: The aim of this article is to briefly review the pediatric ambulatory surgery landscape, identify two of the most common comorbidities affecting this population, examine the influence of pediatric obesity and sleep disordered breathing (SDB)/obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on perioperative care, and provide information that can be used when formulating site specific criteria for ambulatory surgical centers.

Recent findings: Most pediatric surgeries performed are now ambulatory, a majority of which take place outside of academic centers. Children with comorbidities such as obesity and SDB/OSA are undergoing surgical or diagnostic procedures which were previously deemed unacceptable for ambulatory surgery. The increase in pediatric ambulatory surgery coupled with a recent shortage of pediatric anesthesiologists means many children will receive anesthesia care from general clinicians who care for children intermittently and may be unfamiliar with the perioperative risks these comorbidities can present.

Summary: Our pediatric ambulatory surgical population is anticipated to demonstrate increasing rates of obesity and SDB/OSA. Bringing attention to potential perioperative complications associated with these comorbidities provides a stronger foundation upon which to formulate criteria for individual ambulatory centers. It allows for targeted anesthetic management, influences provider assignments and/or staffing ratios, and informs scheduling times. For anesthesiologists who do not practice pediatric anesthesia daily, knowing what to anticipate plays a significant role in the ability to eliminate surprises and care for these patients safely.

Abstract
Purpose of review: We review current evidence about organizational structures, patient selection criteria, safety measures, economic considerations, quality management, and staffing challenges in ambulatory anesthesia. The focus is on the facilitators and barriers related to the peri-interventional period and the potential concepts and innovations for further development of ambulatory anesthesia services.

Recent findings: Recent findings shed light on organizational structures in ambulatory anesthesia, including hospital-based centers, freestanding ambulatory centers, and office-based practices. Patient selection for ambulatory anesthesia involves a two-step process, considering both surgical and anesthetic factors. Safety measures, such as standardized guidelines and scoring systems, aim to ensure patient well being during the perioperative course. Economic considerations pose challenges due to the complexities of managing operating room efficiency and the variations in reimbursement systems. Quality management in ambulatory anesthesia emphasizes the need for outcome studies and patient-centered quality indicators. Staffing requirements necessitate highly skilled professionals with both technical and nontechnical skills, and structured education and training are essential.

Summary: Ambulatory anesthesia is gaining importance due to advancements in surgical techniques and periinterventional care. The review highlights the need for addressing challenges related to organizational structures, patient selection, patient safety, economic considerations, quality management, and staffing in ambulatory anesthesia. Understanding and addressing these factors are crucial for promoting the further development and improvement of ambulatory anesthesia services.

Abstract
Tracheal intubation is one of the most frequently performed procedures in critically ill patients, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hemodynamic instability and cardiovascular collapse are common complications associated with the procedure, and are likely in patients with a physiologically difficult airway. Bedside point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can help identify patients with high risk of cardiovascular collapse, provide opportunity for hemodynamic and respiratory optimization, and help tailor airway management plans to meet individual patient needs. This review discusses the role of POCUS in emergency airway management, provides an algorithm to facilitate its incorporation into existing practice, and provides a framework for future studies.

Abstract
Purpose of review: Improvements in perioperative care contributed to enlarge the eligibility criteria for day case surgery and more and more patients with comorbidities may be concerned. However, underlying medical diseases may influence postoperative outcomes, and therefore, must be considered when selecting patients to undergo ambulatory surgery.

Recent findings: To limit postoperative complications, rigid patient selection criteria are often applied in ambulatory surgery. In practice, however, most of these criteria predict the occurrence of treatable perioperative adverse events but not the need for unanticipated admission or readmission.

Summary: The underlying medical diseases should not be considered as sole criteria but they should rather be regarded as a dynamic process, which includes the surgical procedure as well as the experience and expertise of the perioperative setting.

Abstract
Objectives: To assess (i) paediatric fever management practices among New Zealand ED doctors and nurses, including adherence to best practice guidelines; and (ii) the acceptability of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of antipyretics for relief of discomfort in young children.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of doctors and nurses across 11 New Zealand EDs. The primary outcome of adherence to paediatric fever management best practice guidelines was assessed with clinical vignettes and defined as single antipyretic use for the relief of fever-related discomfort.

Results: Out of 602 participants (243 doctors, 353 nurses and six unknown; response rate 47.5%), only 64 (10.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 8.3-13.4%) demonstrated adherence to best practice guidelines. In a febrile settled child with normal fluid intake, the percentage of participants that would use antipyretics doubled with abnormal vital signs (33.7% vs 72.9%, difference -39.2%, 95% CI -44.4% to -34.0%). Most participants would use antipyretics for reduced fluid intake (n = 494, 82.1%, 95% CI 78.8-85.0%) in a febrile settled child. Over half (n = 339, 57.1%, 95% CI 53.0-61.1%) would advise giving antipyretics to prevent febrile convulsions. Most (n = 467, 80.0%, 95% CI 76.5-83.1%) participants agreed that a RCT of antipyretics in febrile children <2 years of age with relief of discomfort as a primary outcome is needed.

Conclusions: Just over 10% of New Zealand ED doctors and nurses demonstrated adherence to paediatric fever management best practice guidelines. A RCT of antipyretics in febrile children <2 years of age specifically addressing relief of discomfort as a primary outcome is strongly supported.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the efficacy of ultrasound-guided interscalene block (US-ISB) with that of intravenous analgesia and sedation (IVAS) in reducing first shoulder dislocation.

Material and methods: A prospective study was performed in 66 patients with first anterior shoulder dislocation in emergency department. The patients were divided into a US-ISB (n = 32) group and an IVAS (IVAS n = 34) group. The procedure time (anesthesia, reduction, and hospital times), pain score (before, during, and after reduction), reduction attempts, complications, and patient satisfaction were recorded and compared between the two groups.

Results: The anesthesia time (P < 0.01) and reduction time (P < 0.01) were shorter and the hospital time (P < 0.01) was longer in the IVAS group than in the US-ISB group. No significant differences in preoperative (P = 0.18) and postoperative (P = 0.27) pain scores were found between the two groups, but the intraoperative score of the US-ISB group was significantly higher than that of the IVAS group. More reduction attempts (P < 0.01) were recorded in the US-ISB group than that in the IVAS group. Complications (P < 0.01) such as nausea, vomiting, headache, and hypoxia occurred more frequently in the IVAS group than in the US-ISB group. No significant difference in patient satisfaction was observed between two groups (P = 0.96).

Conclusion: Compared with IVAS group, US-ISB group reduces the time to discharge and achieves lesser complication. The pain score and reduction attempt are lower in the IVAS group than in the US-ISB group.

Critical illness in children is not common. The acute stabilization and resuscitation of critically ill children remains challenging to even the most experienced operator. Cardio-respiratory illness represents the largest sub group of diseases causing critical illness and thus adds a layer of complexity and additional challenge to the safe intubation and establishment of effective ventilation of this group of children. Children have unique physiological and anatomical differences to adults, and present the team involved in their resuscitation and stabilization with challenges exaggerated by critical illness. The consideration of pathophysiological implications of disease and the equipment available during transport and retrieval from the roadside or non-specialist setting to pediatric intensive care, allows the clinician involved in resuscitation, stabilization and establishment of ventilation to employ targeted strategies to optimize ventilatory success. This review focuses on the types of ventilatory challenges that must be addressed when managing critically ill children in the local settings in which they present, and the resources available to optimize the outcome prior to and during transfer to a higher level of care.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated an association between hyperoxia and increased mortality in various patient groups. Critically unwell and injured patients are routinely given high concentration oxygen in the pre-hospital phase of care. We aim to investigate the incidence of hyperoxia in major trauma patients receiving pre-hospital emergency anesthesia (PHEA) in the pre-hospital setting and determine factors that may help guide clinicians with pre-hospital oxygen administration in these patients.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed of all patients who received PHEA by a single helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) between 1 October 2014 and 1 May 2019 and who were subsequently transferred to one major trauma centre (MTC). Patient and treatment factors were collected from the electronic patient records of the HEMS service and the MTC. Hyperoxia was defined as a PaO2 > 16 kPA on the first arterial blood gas analysis upon arrival in the MTC.

Results: On arrival in the MTC, the majority of the patients (90/147, 61.2%) had severe hyperoxia, whereas 30 patients (20.4%) had mild hyperoxia and 26 patients (19.7%) had normoxia. Only 1 patient (0.7%) had hypoxia. The median PaO2 on the first arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA) after HEMS handover was 36.7 [IQR 18.5-52.2] kPa, with a range of 7.0-86.0 kPa. SpO2 pulse oximetry readings before handover were independently associated with the presence of hyperoxia. An SpO2 ≥ 97% was associated with a significantly increased odds of hyperoxia (OR 3.99 [1.58-10.08]), and had a sensitivity of 86.7% [79.1-92.4], a specificity of 37.9% [20.7-57.8], a positive predictive value of 84.5% [70.2-87.9] and a negative predictive value of 42.3% [27.4-58.7] for the presence of hyperoxemia.

Conclusion: Trauma patients who have undergone PHEA often have profound hyperoxemia upon arrival at hospital. In the pre-hospital setting, where arterial blood gas analysis is not readily available a titrated approach to oxygen therapy should be considered to reduce the incidence of potentially harmful tissue hyperoxia.

Abstract
Background: Efficient and timely airway management is universally recognised as a priority for major trauma patients, a proportion of whom require emergency intubation in the pre-hospital setting. Adverse events occur more commonly in emergency airway management, and hypoxia is relatively frequent. The aim of this study was to establish whether passive apnoeic oxygenation was effective in reducing the incidence of desaturation during pre-hospital emergency anaesthesia.

Methods: A prospective before-after study was performed to compare patients receiving standard care and those receiving additional oxygen via nasal prongs. The primary endpoint was median oxygen saturation in the peri-rapid sequence induction period, (2 minutes pre-intubation to 2 minutes post-intubation) for all patients. Secondary endpoints included the incidence of hypoxia in predetermined subgroups.

Results: Of 725 patients included; 188 patients received standard treatment and 537 received the intervention. The overall incidence of hypoxia (first recorded SpO2 < 90%) was 16.7%; 10.9% had SpO2 < 85%. 98/725 patients (13.5%) were hypoxic post-intubation (final SpO2 < 90% 10 minutes post-intubation). Median SpO2 was 100% vs. 99% for the standard vs. intervention group. There was a statistically significant benefit from apnoeic oxygenation in reducing the frequency of peri-intubation hypoxia (SpO2 < =90%) for patients with initial SpO2 > 95%, p = 0.0001. The other significant benefit was observed in the recovery phase for patients with severe hypoxia prior to intubation.

Conclusion: Apnoeic oxygenation did not influence peri-intubation oxygen saturations, but it did reduce the frequency and duration of hypoxia in the post-intubation period. Given that apnoeic oxygenation is a simple low-cost intervention with a low complication rate, and that hypoxia can be detrimental to outcome, application of nasal cannulas during the drug-induced phase of emergency intubation may benefit a subset of patients undergoing emergency anaesthesia.

The American Journal of Critical Care (AJCC) is the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses' (AACN's) preeminent peer-reviewed publication for communicating advances in critical care research. This bimonthly journal’s mission is to create a space for our readers and members of AACN to engage with original research and innovation in critical care.

The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine publishes high-quality original papers, reviews, and clinical trials in respiratory, critical care, and sleep medicine to foster advances in translational research and clinical practice.

‘Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care’, is an international, peer reviewed journal. Registered by Pakistan Medical & Dental Council and recognized by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care is an international journal publishing timely, peer reviewed articles that have educational value and scientific merit for clinicians and researchers associated with anaesthesia, intensive care medicine, and pain medicine. It is the official journal of the Australian Society of Anaesthetists, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society and the New Zealand Society of Anaesthetists.

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care is an international journal publishing timely, peer reviewed articles that have educational value and scientific merit for clinicians and researchers associated with anaesthesia, intensive care medicine, and pain medicine. It is the official journal of the Australian Society of Anaesthetists, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society and the New Zealand Society of Anaesthetists.

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine is a continually updated, evidence-based, learning resource for trainees. Mapped to the curriculum of both the Primary and Final Fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists (FRCA) examinations, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine provides high calibre and concise articles designed to help you pass the FRCA exams.

Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine (formerly Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation) publishes in English the highest quality original material, both scientific and clinical, on all aspects of anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine.

Official journal of the Polish Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy. The journal is addressed chiefly to anaesthesiologists. However, due to the wide range of subjects it tackles (i.e. issues associated with anaesthesia, intensive therapy, resuscitation, pain research and management, emergency medical care, and perioperative medicine) and the interdisciplinary character of its articles it is also aimed at physicians with other specialisms.

Annals of Intensive Care is an online peer-reviewed journal aimed at publishing high-quality review articles and original research papers on intensive care medicine. It is intended for all critical care providers (attending physicians, fellows, residents, nurses, and physiotherapists) seeking to update their own knowledge to ensure they provide the best care for their patients.

Burns aims to foster the exchange of information among all engaged in preventing and treating the effects of burns. The journal focuses on clinical, scientific and social aspects of these injuries and covers the prevention of the injury, the epidemiology of such injuries and all aspects of treatment including development of new techniques and technologies and verification of existing ones. Regular features include clinical and scientific papers, state of the art reviews and descriptions of burn-care in practice.

Critical Care is a high quality, peer-reviewed, international clinical medical journal that aims to improve the care of critically ill patients by acquiring, discussing, distributing, and promoting evidence-based information relevant to intensivists. The journal publishes commentaries, reviews, and research in all areas of intensive care and emergency medicine.

Critical Care and Resuscitation (CC&R) is the official scientific journal of the College of Intensive Care Medicine (CICM). The Journal is a quarterly publication (ISSN 1441-2772) with original articles of scientific and clinical interest in the specialities of Critical Care, Intensive Care, Anaesthesia, Emergency Medicine and related disciplines.

Critical Care Clinics updates you on the latest trends in patient management, keeps you up to date on the newest advances, and provides a sound basis for choosing treatment options. Published four times a year—in January, April, July, and October—each issue focuses on a single topic in critical care, including cardiac emergencies, sepsis, infectious diseases, shock and trauma, neurologic problems, toxicology, pulmonary disorders, intensive care procedures, and patient observation. Critical Care Clinics is also an ideal resource for those in the fields of anesthesia, emergency medicine, and respiratory medicine.

Critical Care Explorations is the official open access journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine. The journal rapidly evaluates and disseminates new data and analyses that stimulate further innovation and inquiry toward optimal care of the critically ill adult or child. The journal publishes basic and translational science reports, clinical investigations, narrative and systematic reviews, meta-analyses, quality improvement studies, predictive modelling studies, advances in therapies and monitoring, implementation science reports, methodological and technical advances, and health services research related to critical illness at all life stages.

The official journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine covers all aspects of acute and emergency care for the critically ill or injured patient.

The mission of CRITICAL CARE NURSE, a bimonthly peer-reviewed journal, is to provide critical care and acute care nurses with accurate, relevant, and useful information concerning the bedside care of critically and acutely ill patients and to keep critical and acute care nurses informed on issues that affect their practice. By reading any issue of CRITICAL CARE NURSE, critical care and acute care nurses should benefit through increased knowledge concerning critical and acute care nursing practice and be able to use this knowledge to care for patients and their families in a more effective manner.

In the fields of anaesthesia and critical care, ways of thinking can change so quickly that most textbooks have difficulty keeping up. Published bi-monthly, each issue gives you access to the most current and vital account of what's going on in these critical areas.

Published bimonthly and featuring 13 key topics – including the respiratory system, neuroscience, trauma and infectious diseases – the journal’s renowned team of guest editors ensure a balanced, expert assessment of the recently published literature in each respective field with insightful editorials and on-the-mark invited reviews.

The Egyptian Journal of Critical Care Medicine is the official Journal of the Egyptian College of Critical Care Physicians, the most authoritative organization of Egyptian physicians involved in the multi-professional field of critical care medicine.

The journal is intended to provide a peer-reviewed source for multidisciplinary coverage of general acute and intensive care medicine and its various subcategories including cardiac, pulmonary, neuro, renal as well as post-operative care.

The journal is proud to have an international multi-professional editorial board in the broad field of critical care that will assist in publishing promising research and breakthrough reports that lead to better patients care in life threatening conditions, and bring the reader a quick access to the latest diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in monitoring and management of critically ill patients.

​The European Journal of Anaesthesiology (EJA) publishes original work of high scientific quality. Preference is given to experimental work or clinical observation in man, and to laboratory work of clinical relevance. The journal also publishes commissioned narrative reviews by an authority in a field of interest to those working in anaesthesiology, pain, emergency medicine or intensive care. Editorials, commissioned commentaries and book reviews also included.

Published on behalf of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.

Emergency Medicine Australasia is the official journal of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM) and the Australasian Society for Emergency Medicine (ASEM), and publishes original articles dealing with all aspects of clinical practice, research, education and experiences in emergency medicine.

Original articles are published under the following sections: Original Research, Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Disaster Medicine, Education and Training, Ethics, International Emergency Medicine, Management and Quality, Medicolegal Matters, Prehospital Care, Public Health, Rural and Remote Care, Technology, Toxicology and Trauma. Accepted papers become the copyright of the journal.

Emergency and Critical Care Medicine is an open access, peer-reviewed, international medical journal dedicated to improving the quality of care by publishing basic and clinical cutting-edge findings in emergency, critical care and related medical specialties.

Contributions are welcome from emergency and critical care professionals and researchers, with research areas including but not limited to the followings: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, acute cardiovascular diseases, stroke, shock, acute respiratory failure, infection, trauma, out-of-hospital emergency medical services, emergency, critical care, disaster management, toxicology, organ dysfunction, artificial intelligence, life-supporting devices, etc.

We publish the following article types: original articles, reviews, case reports, meta-analysis, comments, methodologies, perspectives/viewpoints, editorials, images, news, communications, letters to the editor, etc.

Emergency and Critical Care Medicine is an official journal of Shandong University, funded by the “High-level New Journal of 2019 Action Plan for the Excellence of China Science and Technology Journals” project, supported by Chinese Society of Emergency Medicine as well as Chest Pain Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care.​​

EJAIC is an official publication of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC). The journal has rapid electronic publication of peer-reviewed, high scientific quality content and is open to experimental studies with clinical relevance, confirmation studies, pilot studies, and study protocols.

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine (ISSN 0972-5229) is specialty periodical published monthly, under the auspices of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine. Journal encourages research, education and dissemination of knowledge in the fields of critical care medicine and emergency medicine.

Intensive Care Medicine is the publication platform for the communication and exchange of current work and ideas in intensive care medicine. It is intended for all those who are involved in intensive medical care, physicians, anaesthetists, surgeons, paediatricians, as well as those concerned with pre-clinical subjects and medical sciences basic to these disciplines.

The Journal of Critical Care, the official publication of the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine (WFSICCM), is a leading international, peer-reviewed journal providing original research, review articles, tutorials, and invited articles for physicians and allied health professionals involved in treating the critically ill. The Journal aims to improve patient care by furthering understanding of health systems research and its integration into clinical practice.

The Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine (JECCM, J Emerg Crit Care Med, Online ISSN: 2521-3563) is an open-access, peer-reviewed online journal, aiming to improve the care of patients with emergency and critical illness by acquiring, discussing, distributing, and promoting evidence-based information relevant to emergency physicians and intensivists. It publishes original articles, editorials, technical notes, case reports and reviews covering all aspects of emergency and critical care medicine, including but not limited to, trauma, anaesthesiology, respiratory failure, sepsis, cardiovascular disease, healthcare-associated infections prevention, end-of-life care and etc.

Journal of Intensive Care is an open access journal encompassing all aspects of intensive care medicine, such as intensive and critical care, trauma and surgical intensive care, pediatric intensive care, acute and emergency medicine, perioperative medicine, resuscitation, infection control and organ dysfunction. In addition, the journal encourages submissions considering the different cultural aspects of intensive care practice.

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine (JICM) is a peer-reviewed bi-monthly journal offering medical and surgical clinicians in adult and paediatric intensive care state-of-the-art, broad-based analytic reviews and updates, original articles, reports of large clinical series, techniques and procedures, topic-specific electronic resources, book reviews, and editorials on all aspects of intensive/critical/coronary care.

Journal of Intensive Medicine is an open-access peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality review papers and original research articles related to the latest trends and advances covering all aspects of intensive care medicine.

This journal aims to provide a forum for communication among all practitioners involved in intensive care.

The Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care is an English multidisciplinary peer-reviewed international journal publishing articles in the field of pediatric intensive care. Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care is written for the entire intensive care team: pediatric intensivist, pediatricians, neonatologists, respiratory therapists, nurses, and others who deal with pediatric patients who are followed in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units.

The Journal of the Intensive Care Society (JICS) strives to disseminate clinically and scientifically relevant peer-reviewed research, evaluation, experience and opinion to all staff working in the field of intensive care medicine.

The Journal of Tissue Viability is the official publication of the Tissue Viability Society and is a quarterly journal concerned with all aspects of the occurrence and treatment of wounds, ulcers and pressure sores including patient care, pain, nutrition, wound healing, research, prevention, mobility, social problems and management.

Critical Care Explorations is the official open access journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine. The journal rapidly evaluates and disseminates new data and analyses that stimulate further innovation and inquiry toward optimal care of the critically ill adult or child. The journal publishes basic and translational science reports, clinical investigations, narrative and systematic reviews, meta-analyses, quality improvement studies, predictive modelling studies, advances in therapies and monitoring, implementation science reports, methodological and technical advances, and health services research related to critical illness at all life stages.

Medicina Intensiva is the journal of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) and of Pan American and Iberian Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine. Medicina Intensiva has become the reference publication in Spanish in its field. The journal mainly publishes Original Articles, Reviews, Clinical Notes, Consensus Documents, Images, and other information relevant to the specialty. All works go through a rigorous selection process. The journal accepts submissions of articles in English and in Spanish languages. The journal follows the publication requirements of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine is the official journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine​ and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies, and it is devoted to research and clinical care of critically ill or injured infants, children, and adolescents.

Resuscitation is a monthly international and interdisciplinary medical journal. The papers published deal with the aetiology, pathophysiology and prevention of cardiac arrest, resuscitation training, clinical resuscitation, and experimental resuscitation research, although papers relating to animal studies will be published only if they are of exceptional interest and related directly to clinical cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Papers relating to trauma are published occasionally but the majority of these concern traumatic cardiac arrest.

Resuscitation Plus, a companion title to the respected Resuscitation, is an open access quarterly international and interdisciplinary medical journal. The papers published deal with the aetiology, pathophysiology and prevention of cardiac arrest, resuscitation training and simulation, clinical resuscitation, and experimental resuscitation research. Animal studies relating to cardiopulmonary resuscitation and post-resuscitation and papers relating to traumatic cardiac arrest and haemorrhagic shock are encouraged. Systematic reviews, narrative reviews, scoping reviews, case reports and methods papers relating to cardiopulmonary resuscitation are also encouraged.

Trauma Case Reports is the only open access, online journal dedicated to the publication of case reports in all aspects of trauma care and accident surgery. Includes case reports on all aspects of trauma management, surgical procedures for all tissues, resuscitation, anaesthesia and trauma and tissue healing.

Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care aims to be a leading biomedical review journal, providing reviews and comment on highly topical subjects and the latest breakthroughs in basic, clinical and translational research. This includes basic and clinical research aimed at understanding disease processes and clinical practice of importance to anaesthesia and critical care.

A distinctive blend of practicality and scholarliness makes the American Journal of Emergency Medicine a key source for information on emergency medical care. Covering all activities concerned with emergency medicine, it is the journal to turn to for information to help increase the ability to understand, recognize and treat emergency conditions. Issues contain clinical articles, case reports, review articles, editorials, international notes, book reviews and more.

Annals of Emergency Medicine, the official journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians, is an international, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to improving the quality of care by publishing the highest quality science for emergency medicine and related medical specialties. Annals publishes original research, clinical reports, opinion, and educational information related to the practice, teaching, and research of emergency medicine. In addition to general emergency medicine topics, Annals regularly publishes articles on out-of-hospital emergency medical services, paediatric emergency medicine, injury and disease prevention, health policy and ethics, disaster management, toxicology, and related topics. The journal welcomes submissions from international contributors and researchers of all specialties.

BMC Emergency Medicine is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all urgent and emergency aspects of medicine, in both practice and basic research. In addition, the journal covers aspects of disaster medicine and medicine in special locations, such as conflict areas and military medicine, together with articles concerning healthcare services in the emergency departments.

Since 1999 the Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine is the publication platform for the communication and exchange of current work and ideas inspiring excellence in emergency medical care; it is an essential resource for emergency physicians in rural, urban or academic settings that reflect the growing interest in emergency medicine, both as a medical discipline and an expanding field for research. It is one of the top journals in its field and is the respected official journal of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians.

This practical journal is devoted to helping pediatricians and emergency physicians provide the best possible care for their young patients. Each topical issue focuses on a single condition frequently seen. Cogently written review articles synthesize practical new advances in the field giving you the authoritative guidance on disease process, diagnosis, and management you need to achieve the best results.

Critical Care and Resuscitation (CC&R) is the official scientific journal of the College of Intensive Care Medicine (CICM). The Journal is a quarterly publication (ISSN 1441-2772) with original articles of scientific and clinical interest in the specialities of Critical Care, Intensive Care, Anaesthesia, Emergency Medicine and related disciplines.

​The European Journal of Anaesthesiology (EJA) publishes original work of high scientific quality. Preference is given to experimental work or clinical observation in man, and to laboratory work of clinical relevance. The journal also publishes commissioned narrative reviews by an authority in a field of interest to those working in anaesthesiology, pain, emergency medicine or intensive care. Editorials, commissioned commentaries and book reviews also included.

Published on behalf of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.

Emergency Medicine Australasia is the official journal of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM) and the Australasian Society for Emergency Medicine (ASEM), and publishes original articles dealing with all aspects of clinical practice, research, education and experiences in emergency medicine.

Original articles are published under the following sections: Original Research, Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Disaster Medicine, Education and Training, Ethics, International Emergency Medicine, Management and Quality, Medicolegal Matters, Prehospital Care, Public Health, Rural and Remote Care, Technology, Toxicology and Trauma. Accepted papers become the copyright of the journal.

Emergency and Critical Care Medicine is an open access, peer-reviewed, international medical journal dedicated to improving the quality of care by publishing basic and clinical cutting-edge findings in emergency, critical care and related medical specialties.

Contributions are welcome from emergency and critical care professionals and researchers, with research areas including but not limited to the followings: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, acute cardiovascular diseases, stroke, shock, acute respiratory failure, infection, trauma, out-of-hospital emergency medical services, emergency, critical care, disaster management, toxicology, organ dysfunction, artificial intelligence, life-supporting devices, etc.

We publish the following article types: original articles, reviews, case reports, meta-analysis, comments, methodologies, perspectives/viewpoints, editorials, images, news, communications, letters to the editor, etc.

Emergency and Critical Care Medicine is an official journal of Shandong University, funded by the “High-level New Journal of 2019 Action Plan for the Excellence of China Science and Technology Journals” project, supported by Chinese Society of Emergency Medicine as well as Chest Pain Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care.​​

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America updates those in the fields of anesthesia, critical care, and emergency medicine on the latest trends in patient management, providing a sound basis for choosing the best treatment options. Published four times a year - in February, May, August, and November - each issue covers a single topic in emergency medicine, including cardiac, paediatric, neurological, thoracic, and orthopaedic emergencies, as well as trauma and toxicology.

Emergency Medicine International is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that provides a forum for doctors, nurses, paramedics and ambulance staff. The journal publishes original research articles and review articles related to prehospital care, disaster preparedness and response, acute medical and paediatric emergencies, critical care, sports medicine, wound care, and toxicology.

The International Journal of Emergency Medicine is a high-quality Open Access journal which aims to bring to light the various clinical advancements and research developments attained over the world, thus helping the specialty forge ahead. It is directed towards physicians and medical personnel undergoing training or working within the field of Emergency Medicine. Disciplines covered include interesting clinical cases, the latest evidence-based practice and research developments in Emergency Medicine, including emergency pediatrics. The International Journal of Emergency Medicine focuses on the practice of Emergency Medicine in a variety of settings, from urban emergency departments and rural clinics in the developing world, to humanitarian and disaster situations. It aims to shed light on international advances in practice, education and research, with a single common goal: to reduce suffering and promote excellence in patient care worldwide.

Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open (JACEP Open) is the official Open Access journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP). Complementing ACEP’s flagship journal, Annals of Emergency Medicine, JACEP Open welcomes high quality reports representing the full spectrum of emergency care. JACEP Open presents works in the open access format freely available and accessible to the international emergency medicine community. The journal welcomes submissions from international contributors and provides a forum for work products of ACEP subcommittees. JACEP Open is owned by the American College of Emergency Physicians. The Journal is published by Wiley and is available online only.

Since 1999 the Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine is the publication platform for the communication and exchange of current work and ideas inspiring excellence in emergency medical care; it is an essential resource for emergency physicians in rural, urban or academic settings that reflect the growing interest in emergency medicine, both as a medical discipline and an expanding field for research. It is one of the top journals in its field and is the respected official journal of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians.

The Journal of Cardiovascular Emergencies is an official Journal of the Transylvannian Association of Transvascular Therapy and Transplantation Kardiomed, Tirgu Mures, Romania, and is published quarterly.

The Journal of Cardiovascular Emergencies aims to publish top quality papers related to acute conditions in any cardiovascular pathology.

The journal focuses mainly on recent advances in the field of diagnosis and treatment of the most common causes of cardiovascular emergencies, including acute coronary syndromes, acute heart failure, acute aortic diseases, pulmonary embolism, peripheral arterial diseases or cardiac arrhythmia. Interdisciplinary approaches will be extremely welcomed, presenting new advances in the approach of different other pathologies (i.e. stroke) from the cardiovascular perspective.

Journal of Emergencies Trauma, and Shock (JETS) is the official journal of INDUSEM. It is also the Official Journal of The World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine and the OPUS12 Network.

JETS encourages research, education and dissemination of knowledge in the fields of Emergency Medicine, Traumatolgy and Shock Resuscitation thus promoting translational research by striking a synergy between basic science, clinical medicine and global health.

The Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine (JECCM, J Emerg Crit Care Med, Online ISSN: 2521-3563) is an open-access, peer-reviewed online journal, aiming to improve the care of patients with emergency and critical illness by acquiring, discussing, distributing, and promoting evidence-based information relevant to emergency physicians and intensivists. It publishes original articles, editorials, technical notes, case reports and reviews covering all aspects of emergency and critical care medicine, including but not limited to, trauma, anaesthesiology, respiratory failure, sepsis, cardiovascular disease, healthcare-associated infections prevention, end-of-life care and etc.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine is an international, peer-reviewed publication featuring original contributions of interest to both the academic and practicing emergency physician. JEM, published monthly, contains research papers and clinical studies as well as articles focusing on the training of emergency physicians and on the practice of emergency medicine.

Resuscitation is a monthly international and interdisciplinary medical journal. The papers published deal with the aetiology, pathophysiology and prevention of cardiac arrest, resuscitation training, clinical resuscitation, and experimental resuscitation research, although papers relating to animal studies will be published only if they are of exceptional interest and related directly to clinical cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Papers relating to trauma are published occasionally but the majority of these concern traumatic cardiac arrest.

Resuscitation Plus, a companion title to the respected Resuscitation, is an open access quarterly international and interdisciplinary medical journal. The papers published deal with the aetiology, pathophysiology and prevention of cardiac arrest, resuscitation training and simulation, clinical resuscitation, and experimental resuscitation research. Animal studies relating to cardiopulmonary resuscitation and post-resuscitation and papers relating to traumatic cardiac arrest and haemorrhagic shock are encouraged. Systematic reviews, narrative reviews, scoping reviews, case reports and methods papers relating to cardiopulmonary resuscitation are also encouraged.

The primary topics of interest in Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine (SJTREM) are the pre-hospital and early in-hospital diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of emergency medicine, trauma, and resuscitation. Contributions focusing on dispatch, major incidents, etiology, pathophysiology, rehabilitation, epidemiology, prevention, education, training, implementation, work environment, as well as ethical and socio-economic aspects may also be assessed for publication.

The Visual Journal of Emergency Medicine publishes image-based case discussions representing the entire core curriculum and subspecialties of clinical emergency medicine. Images include clinical photos, EKGs, ultrasound images, plain radiographs, and representative CT and MR images.

Each image-based case will include a question and answer set.

Published in a mobile optimized online format, the journal provides a multidisciplinary clinical and educational publishing opportunity for emergency physicians, emergency medicine and other residents, fellows, emergency nurses, physician assistants, EMTs, paramedics, and clinicians in related fields. All submissions are peer-reviewed.

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, the official journal of the Wilderness Medical Society, is a peer-reviewed quarterly journal devoted to original scientific and technical contributions furthering research and medical practice related to remote, isolated, austere, or environmentally challenging environments and exposures. The journal is intended for clinicians, researchers, practitioners, and others interested in human health, safety, and performance in conditions often defined by natural extremes and/or limited access to resources. Examples of broad areas of interest include: mountaineering, altitude (ground and air-based), aquatic (immersion, drowning, and diving), thermal stress (heat, cold, and humidity-complicated), trauma, biological hazards (plant, animal, and infectious agents), military medicine, global health (travel, disaster, and climate change), search and rescue (standard and emerging technologies), unusual environmental stressors (natural and manufactured), and community leadership (education, standards, and best practice).

World Journal of Emergency Medicine (WJEM, ISSN 1920-8642, CN 33-1408/R) is an international peer-reviewed bimonthly journal sponsored by Zhejiang University and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and published by the Zhejiang University Press. WJEM publishes articles of interest to both clinicians and researchers involving emergency medicine around world. It focuses on content relevant to clinical practice and research, laboratory studies, medical education about emergency medicine.

World Journal of Emergency Surgery is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that encompasses all aspects of clinical and basic research related to traumatic and non-traumatic emergency surgery and its allied subjects. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: emergency surgery, acute care surgery, trauma surgery, intensive care, trauma management and resuscitation.